With the publication of new landfill rules, landfill management is shifting from periodic compliance using decades-old technology to more rigorous methane management using the newest monitoring technologies. Landfill operations must quantify emissions, install new or upgrade existing gas control systems, monitor using ground-based and remote methods, make repairs more quickly, and maintain audit-ready records.
SCS Engineers, North America’s most recognized landfill service provider, publishes technical bulletins that summarize each rulemaking to highlight the most significant factors that will affect landfill operators.
You will find these publications below, along with our recommendations for identifying and addressing the requirements a landfill must meet to comply with the new standards. By clicking the underlined jurisdiction, you will be directed to more detailed information on the rules.
If you have not already done so, SCS recommends a gap analysis to outline the operational, monitoring, design/construction, and technological changes landfill operators face. The results will support a compliance roadmap: emissions modeling, GCCS capacity review, necessary system upgrades, corrective actions, remote monitoring readiness, leak response staffing, digital recordkeeping, capital budgeting, and site-specific deadlines by jurisdiction.
California: Prepare for faster plume response, including investigation and repair of methane plumes detected by CARB-approved remote sensing technologies, and required monitoring of unsafe-to-walk areas using new technologies.
Maintain rapid repair workflows: for example, the current LMR requires that exceedances be remediated and re-monitored within 10 calendar days, whereas the new standard requires corrective action to begin within 3 calendar days.
Verify that all control devices can meet the 99% methane destruction efficiency standard, with annual source testing and recordkeeping, not just flares.
Plan for increased stringency in almost every aspect of the new rule.
Colorado: Align landfill compliance programs with Regulation 31, Control of Methane Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, effective February 14, 2026.
Prepare for waste-in-place/GCCS determinations, gas collection and control requirements, surface emissions monitoring, remote methane monitoring, cover requirements, recordkeeping/reporting, and test-method compliance.
Canada: Determine applicability, calculate annual methane generation with ECCC’s Landfill Methane Modelling Tool, and prepare Methane Generation Assessment Reports; additional requirements apply to emissions above 664 tonnes/year for open landfills and 1,000 tonnes/year for closed landfills.
Plan for new gas systems or upgrades to existing systems by the deadline: 2028 for ≥1,000 tonnes/year with existing recovery systems; 2029 for ≥1,000 tonnes/year without recovery systems; and 2035 for 664–1,000 tonnes/year sites.
States Actively Considering or Developing New Rules
Across North America, we urge operators to build a compliance roadmap now. Stricter rules are in effect in Canada, Colorado, California, Oregon, Washington, and Maryland. They are under consideration in many more states, including Illinois, Michigan, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
Additional Resources:
SCS Engineers is participating in San Diego State University’s STEM Career and Internship Fair on September 10, 2026.
This event is a great opportunity for all students and alumni to connect with a diverse array of employers, from corporations to nonprofits, for internships, part-time, and full-time positions.
SCS is an employee-owned, award-winning environmental engineering, consulting, and construction firm with offices nationwide. We are seeking a wide variety of dedicated, hard-working professionals with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) backgrounds. Register today!
SCS Engineers is excited to participate in the University of Wisconsin-Madison Engineering Career Fair on September 15, 2026. We’re looking for talented Engineering and STEM majors at all degree levels who want to explore summer internships, co-ops, or full-time opportunities after graduation. The career fair provides an excellent opportunity for students pursuing degrees in Engineering and STEM fields to learn about exciting career paths with SCS Engineers, where innovation meets environmental solutions.
Stop by our booth to meet with our team and discover how you can kick-start your career with a leader in environmental consulting! Click to learn more.
For the first time in California’s long water-quality history, a new stormwater permit has been adopted that could significantly change the California waterscape. This new permit represents a major expansion of stormwater regulation beyond the traditional California Industrial General Permit (IGP). While the application is limited to two Los Angeles watersheds, the precedent is clear and could lead to increased stormwater regulations statewide.
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Facilities Impacted
The new Waste Discharge Requirements and General National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. CAS004005 issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region regulates stormwater discharges associated with commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) facilities within the Dominguez Channel/Los Angeles and Long Beach Inner Harbor Watershed and the Los Cerritos Channel/Alamitos Bay Watershed.
Several hundred industrial and institutional facilities in the Dominguez Channel and Los Cerritos Channel watersheds are subject to permit compliance requirements. These facilities must manage stormwater runoff and authorized non-stormwater discharges because their discharges can contribute to water quality.
Most parcels are owned or leased by large businesses, which are expected to bear the majority of compliance costs. The permit’s requirements are estimated to represent a small percentage of average commercial or industrial rents. The permit also considers the economic benefits of improved water quality, including public health and tourism benefits.
General Permit Coverage and Applicability
The permit authorizes discharges of stormwater runoff and authorized non-stormwater discharges (NSWDs) from certain privately owned CII sites, excluding residential facilities.
Coverage includes sites with five or more acres of impervious surface that are not covered by other NPDES stormwater permits, or portions of sites not covered by other permits. Facilities with individual NPDES permits with at least as stringent requirements are exempt.
Dischargers must submit Permit Registration Documents via the Stormwater Multiple Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS), including:
Compliance Options
Permittees and dischargers will have three primary compliance options for meeting water quality-based effluent limitations:
Option 1: Enter into a legally binding agreement with a local Watershed Management Group (WMG) to fund existing or planned downstream regional stormwater projects. Funding is proportional to the facility’s stormwater volume relative to the watershed’s total volume. This option is deemed compliant upon execution of the agreement and participation in it.
Option 2: Implement facility-specific design standards to capture and reduce stormwater runoff volume equivalent to the 85th percentile 24-hour storm event. This includes the use of structural and non-structural BMPs designed and certified by a California-licensed civil engineer. Infiltration BMPs must protect groundwater quality by meeting applicable Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs).
Option 3: Directly demonstrate compliance with numeric water quality-based effluent limitations through site-specific monitoring and reporting. This includes developing a Monitoring and Reporting Plan, conducting sampling during Qualifying Storm Events (QSEs), and submitting results via SMARTS.
Discharge Prohibitions and Authorized Non-Stormwater Discharges
The permit prohibits discharges inconsistent with eligibility, unauthorized non-stormwater discharges, trash discharges, and discharges of radiological, chemical, or biological warfare agents. Authorized NSWDs include fire hydrant flushing, potable water system discharges, uncontaminated groundwater, and incidental windblown mist, provided BMPs minimize pollutant contact and volume.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Requirements
Dischargers must develop and implement a site-specific SWPPP including:
Effluent Limitations
The permit establishes both technology-based effluent limitations (TBELs) requiring implementation of BMPs reflecting Best Conventional Technology (BCT) and Best Available Technology economically achievable (BAT), and water quality-based effluent limitations (WQBELs) based on Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and water quality objectives. Numeric effluent limits apply to specific pollutants including metals (copper, lead, zinc), indicator bacteria (Enterococcus, E. coli), toxicity, nutrients, legacy pesticides (DDT, chlordane, dieldrin), and PCBs in various receiving waters.
Sediment-associated effluent limitations are also established for certain pollutants in the Dominguez Channel Estuary and Los Angeles and Long Beach Inner Harbor Waters.
Monitoring and Reporting Requirements
All dischargers must conduct initial sampling within 18 months of the permit effective date to assess pollutant levels. Reporting includes annual visual observations of discharges, BMP implementation, and corrective actions. Specific monitoring requirements vary by compliance option:
Option 1: Annual reporting of funding agreements and visual observations during two Qualifying Storm Events (QSEs) per reporting period.
Option 2: Submission of design documentation, reporting of any bypass events, and annual inspection reports of BMPs.
Option 3: Detailed site-specific monitoring plans with sampling during four QSEs annually, analysis for all applicable pollutants, and submission of results and visual observations via SMARTS.
Provisions and Enforcement
Standard provisions consistent with federal regulations are included, such as a duty to comply, inspection rights, a prohibition on bypasses except under specific conditions, and requirements for proper operation and maintenance. Enforcement actions and penalties for violations are described, including mandatory minimum penalties for serious violations. Corrective actions must be taken for any exceedances of effluent limitations.
Special Provisions
The permit includes reopener provisions allowing modification or revocation for cause, including new information or changes in regulations. Electronic signature and certification requirements ensure compliance with electronic reporting rules. The permit continues in effect beyond its expiration date until a new order is adopted.
Watershed and Receiving Water Descriptions
The permit covers discharges to waters within the Dominguez Channel/Los Angeles and Long Beach Inner Harbor Watershed and the Los Cerritos Channel/Alamitos Bay Watershed, including Machado Lake sub-watershed. These watersheds are highly urbanized and include estuaries, harbors, lagoons, and coastal waters that support diverse aquatic life and endangered species. Many waterbodies are listed as impaired under the Clean Water Act and subject to TMDLs for various pollutants.
Prepare for the CII Permit
Screen your facility, using the >5-acre threshold and other NPDES parameters from the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). Further consultation is likely needed as the CII Permit leaves the traditional SIC Code and Sector-based selection to geography and land use.
Start baseline copper/zinc source investigations before regulatory sampling drives stormwater management decisions. This has the potential to save considerable money later. The EPA expressly identifies copper and zinc impairment as a basis for the residual designation.
Sources that could cause or contribute stormwater pollutants of concern to this impairment include outdoor materials and activities, including galvanized roofing and fencing; metal roofs/downspouts; brake/tire wear; parking areas; HVAC equipment; dumpsters; outdoor metal storage; loading areas; vehicle traffic; wash areas; industrial fallout; and legacy site conditions.
SCS recommends seeking a Property and Applicability Screening as a first step. Some facilities may require Facility Compliance or Pollutant Source Assessments, and a Compliance Option Analysis to determine a roadmap to compliance.
Additional Resources:
Choosing between early guaranteed savings and longer-term strategic value.
Energy is no longer just a facilities expense. It is now a business risk, a compliance concern, and a visible component of corporate sustainability performance. Electricity prices continue to rise in many markets, and organizations are also facing growing expectations around greenhouse gas tracking, Scope 2 emissions reporting, resilience, and climate-related disclosure.
That makes the choice of energy advisor more important. A retrofit program based only on guaranteed savings, such as an energy savings performance contract with an energy services company (ESCO), may solve a short-term budget problem. However, it can also lock an organization into decisions that limit its flexibility for years.
Another approach is to use an independent energy consultant. This starts with understanding the facility portfolio, operational realities, capital priorities, and long-term ownership goals. These energy consultants separate objective technical guidance from equipment sales, financing, and implementation. That distinction matters because the most valuable energy strategy is not always the one that appears easiest to fund. It is the one that gives the organization better decisions, stronger cost transparency, and greater control over long-term performance.
To examine the best energy strategy, look beyond immediate savings on paper. Seek a consultant that plans to protect operating budgets, improve asset performance, and improve sustainability reporting. As Douglas Latulippe explains in his article, Independent Energy Consultants vs ESCOs: Which Delivers Sustainable Value?
Doug Latulippe and SCS’s energy auditors can help preserve the flexibility to make smarter decisions as conditions change before committing to a delivery model. Follow the link to read the article, or choose any of the other additional resources SCS Engineers provides below.
Additional Resources:
Landfills do not stand still. Waste placement changes site conditions every day; infrastructure ages; regulations evolve; and nearby communities expect operators to manage odors, emissions, traffic, and long-term site performance responsibly. Without a clear master plan, landfill owners can find themselves reacting to urgent problems instead of making phased, cost-effective decisions.
That is why landfill master planning is more than an engineering exercise. It is a business discipline. A strong plan brings together airspace management, cell development, permitting, stormwater, leachate, landfill gas systems, closure and post-closure obligations, capital planning, and operations into one practical roadmap.
What a Master Plan Helps Operators See
The value of master planning starts with visibility. Operators need to know how much airspace remains, when the next cell must be designed and permitted, whether existing infrastructure can support future filling, and how regulatory requirements may affect near- and long-term spending. When that information is organized in one place, decision-makers can plan ahead rather than scramble when capacity, compliance, or equipment issues become urgent.
The same discipline applies to landfill gas systems. Gas collection infrastructure must keep pace with waste placement, settlement, liquids, flare capacity, energy recovery opportunities, and changing emissions rules. A landfill gas master plan helps answer a simple but important question: will the system be ready for the next decade?
Planning Turns Risk into Action
The best plans do not sit on a shelf. They help landfill teams prioritize projects, sequence capital investments, anticipate permitting timelines, and coordinate engineering with daily operations. They also support a clearer financial strategy for closure, post-closure care, equipment replacement, regulatory compliance, odor control, emissions management, and community relations.
For owners and operators, the takeaway is straightforward: proactive planning protects site life, reduces surprises, and gives teams more control over technical, regulatory, and financial decisions. The earlier planning begins—and the more consistently it is updated—the better prepared a site will be for what comes next.
Read the Full Article
For a deeper look at landfill master planning, landfill gas system planning, modeling, liquids management, flares, permitting, and long-term budgeting, read the full article “Why Landfill Master Planning Is Essential for Long-Term Site Performance” and explore the related solid waste planning resources below.
Additional Solid Waste and Landfill Master Planning Resources:
What Wastewater Utilities, Farmers, and Regulators Need to Know
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken another significant step in addressing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment. On July 1, 2026, the EPA Office of Water released its Draft Guidance for Reducing Risk from PFOA and PFOS in Biosolids, opening a public comment period and inviting stakeholders to provide feedback on potential approaches for managing these persistent chemicals in sewage sludge and biosolids.
The draft guidance is designed to help wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), biosolids managers, landowners, farmers, state and Tribal agencies, and other stakeholders evaluate voluntary measures that may reduce exposure risks associated with two well-known PFAS compounds: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS).
Why This Guidance Matters
PFAS, often called “forever chemicals,” have become a major focus of environmental regulation due to their persistence, mobility, and potential health impacts. While wastewater treatment plants do not manufacture PFAS, they often receive PFAS-containing wastewater from industrial, commercial, and residential sources. As a result, PFAS can accumulate in biosolids produced during wastewater treatment.
The EPA’s draft guidance reflects growing concerns about how PFOA and PFOS may affect soil, water, crops, livestock, and human health when biosolids are beneficially used via land application. Although the guidance is voluntary and does not establish new regulatory requirements, it signals the agency’s continuing efforts to address PFAS risks and may help shape future policy decisions.
What’s Included in the Draft Guidance?
According to the EPA, the draft document provides recommendations that may help stakeholders identify and implement practices to reduce potential risks associated with PFOA and PFOS in biosolids management.
The guidance is intended for:
The document outlines voluntary approaches that stakeholders may consider when making decisions about the treatment, handling, and use of sewage sludge and biosolids.
Importantly, the EPA notes that public feedback on the draft may help inform future agency actions related to PFAS and biosolids management.
Public Comment Period Extended
Stakeholders have until October 5, 2026, to submit comments on the draft guidance. The comment period was extended from the agency’s original deadline, providing additional time for utilities, industry groups, agricultural organizations, regulators, and other interested parties to review the document and provide input.
Given the potential implications for wastewater utilities and biosolids programs nationwide, organizations may want to carefully evaluate the recommendations and consider how they could affect current and future management practices.
Key Resources
EPA has made the draft guidance and supporting materials available through its public docket:
Looking Ahead
While the guidance is not regulatory, it represents another milestone in the EPA’s broader PFAS strategy and underscores the agency’s continued focus on biosolids management. Wastewater utilities, municipalities, agricultural stakeholders, and environmental practitioners should monitor developments closely and consider participating in the public comment process.
As the EPA evaluates stakeholder feedback, the guidance could influence future approaches to PFAS risk management, biosolids programs, and wastewater sector compliance planning across the United States. To learn more about how this could impact your facility, contact the experts at SCS Engineers.
Comment deadline: October 5, 2026. Stakeholders interested in providing feedback can submit comments through the EPA public docket.
SCS Engineers announces that Peter J. “Pete” Carrico, a Senior Vice President and Business Unit Director of SCS Field Services, will receive the Solid Waste Association of North America’s Landfill Gas and Biogas Division Hall of Flame Award. The award recognizes individuals who have made significant and sustained contributions to the landfill gas and biogas industry.
Carrico has spent more than 40 years helping build, operate, troubleshoot, and advance landfill gas systems across North America. He joined SCS in 1985, the same year SCS Field Services was established as a division of SCS Engineers, beginning his career with the firm on a landfill gas project. Since then, he has progressed from field technician to senior executive, helping lead an operations, maintenance, and monitoring practice that supports landfill owners and operators nationwide.
“I am honored to be recognized with the Hall of Flame Award. My more than 40-year career with SCS Engineers in the landfill gas industry has been greatly enriched by the friendships and professional relationships I have built with colleagues at SCS and throughout the industry. SWANA has played an important role in that journey, providing opportunities to collaborate, learn, and engage with some of the brightest minds in the landfill gas field. For that, I am sincerely grateful,” said Pete.
Throughout his career, Carrico has contributed to the industry’s technical development through recurring authorship and presentations at SWANA’s Annual Landfill Gas Symposium. His work has addressed topics central to modern landfill gas practice, including emissions, monitoring, condensate treatment, migration control, data management, temporary flaring, and inspection technology.
In addition to his technical leadership, Carrico has served the profession through SWANA’s Virginia Old Dominion Chapter and recently retired as Co-Chair of the Landfill Gas and Biogas Division Awards Committee, helping to recognize industry excellence and support knowledge sharing among solid waste professionals.
Clients and colleagues know Carrico as a practical problem-solver, mentor, and trainer with deep field experience that translates to operational efficiency. Through his leadership at SCS, he has helped strengthen operating practices, site-specific system performance, and safety and technical training for landfill gas professionals.
“Pete represents exactly what the Hall of Flame honors — career-long service, technical excellence, operational leadership, and a deep commitment to sharing knowledge,” said SCS CEO Doug Doerr. “We are grateful for his contributions to our clients, our colleagues, SWANA, and the landfill gas profession.”
SCS Engineers congratulates Carrico on this well-deserved recognition and celebrates his lasting impact on the landfill gas and biogas industry. Say hello at RCon or visit SCS online.
As PFAS regulations, litigation, and site investigations continue to expand, environmental professionals need better data on how these compounds move through air, water, soil, and ecosystems. One important piece of that picture is now coming into focus: PFAS monitoring in precipitation.
The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), a long-term atmospheric deposition monitoring program, began developing a PFAS monitoring network in the late 2010s to help researchers and practitioners better understand how per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances move through the atmosphere and return to the environment through wet deposition.
After several years of planning, NADP established a provisional PFAS-NTN Subnetwork, known as PFN, on January 1, 2024. The network transitioned to an official NADP subnetwork in April 2026 after NADP finalized quality assurance documentation and standard operating procedures. The official network is designed to provide weekly concentrations and deposition fluxes for more than 40 PFAS compounds in precipitation.
Why does this matter?
According to NADP, PFAS in wet deposition can contribute to contamination of surface water, drinking water sources, soil, and vegetation. In some environments, atmospheric deposition may represent the largest source of PFAS to affected ecosystems. That makes atmospheric data increasingly relevant for evaluating background conditions, identifying potential transport pathways, and interpreting PFAS detections at regulated or investigated sites.
The network currently collects precipitation samples from monitoring sites across the United States. Those samples are analyzed for more than 40 PFAS constituents using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. NADP plans to post final PFAS concentration and deposition data publicly after laboratory quality assurance and quality control checks are complete.
For consultants, site owners, municipalities, utilities, and regulators, these data could become a valuable reference point. PFAS monitoring through NADP may help project teams distinguish local source impacts from broader atmospheric contributions, support conceptual site models, and provide additional lines of evidence when evaluating compliance monitoring data.
Action Items for Environmental Compliance in Industry and Municipalities
Additional Information about the PFAS monitoring program, including NADP standard operating procedures, is available here:
SCS Engineers announces expanded odor consulting and laboratory capabilities to help clients continue receiving specialized odor evaluation, monitoring, analysis, and control services as Odor Science & Engineering, Inc. prepares to close. Odor Science & Engineering has recommended SCS Engineers to carry forward services many industrial and municipal clients have relied on for odor problem definition, odor sampling and analysis, ambient monitoring, staff training, and cost-effective odor control planning.
“Our clients have trusted Odor Science & Engineering for many years to provide objective, technically sound answers to challenging odor problems. It is important to me that, as OS&E winds down its operations, our clients have access to a team that understands the science of odor and shares our commitment to practical, defensible solutions. I am confident that SCS Engineers is the right organization to carry this work forward, and I am pleased to recommend SCS to our clients and colleagues.” OS&E President, Martha O’Brien.
Both firms are recognized leaders in specialized odor consulting, whose work has helped clients define odor issues, establish control requirements, design control systems, conduct odor emission sampling, complete odor panel analysis, monitor ambient odors, and train client staff in odor investigation and monitoring procedures.
SCS Engineers’ expanded services will support both existing and new facilities. For existing operations, SCS helps diagnose and solve odor issues by identifying contributing sources, determining the level of control needed, and developing practical, cost-effective control strategies. For new facilities, SCS supports the design of ventilation and odor-control systems to help prevent odor impacts once operations begin.
The transition strengthens SCS’s existing capabilities in odor management, ambient air monitoring, air quality, and environmental compliance. SCS applies field, laboratory, and modeling methods to detect, measure, and predict fugitive chemical and odor impacts. The team supports clients with odor assessments, odor dispersion modeling, complaint data analysis, smoke release studies, field and laboratory olfactometry, tracer studies, source sampling, air monitoring, and mitigation planning.
“Odor issues are highly site-specific, often technically complex, and important to communities, facility owners, and regulators,” said SCS Vice President and National Expert on Ambient Air Monitoring and Odor Impact Assessment, Paul Schafer. “By expanding our odor laboratory and consulting capabilities, SCS is positioned to provide continuity for OS&E clients while offering the national reach and multidisciplinary environmental expertise our clients need.”
SCS’s odor work serves a broad range of industrial and municipal settings, including landfills, composting facilities, wastewater treatment plants, food processing operations, manufacturing facilities, oil and gas operations, cannabis cultivation facilities, and other industrial sites where odor emissions, nuisance concerns, regulatory requirements, or public complaints require objective investigation and defensible solutions.
Current and prospective clients seeking odor consulting support can contact SCS Engineers to discuss service continuity, project transition needs, laboratory analysis, field investigations, odor control planning, or staff training.
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